John McCormack DBA

SQL Server Databases and Cloud

Thoughts on sitting DP-300 Azure Database Administrator exam

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On Sunday morning, I sat and passed exam DP-300 which gives the certification of Microsoft Certified: Azure Administrator Associate. I’ve been sitting Microsoft exams for a number of years now but this was my first for a while. I wanted to jot down what thoughts still remained in my head following the exam.

Preparation

I prepared for the exam by following the course from ACloudGuru. I’m a big fan of this site as it has helped me learn so much about AWS; so I thought I would trust it for Azure learning as well. I have to admit I had been going through the course at a snail’s pace and by the time of completion, I had forgotten some of things I had learned initially. I sat their exam simulator and got 77% which was not a pass.

I realised from doing the exam simulator that there were some areas where my knowledge was weaker, specifically on some newer features I hadn’t worked with day to day and also migration options for the likes of Postgres and MariaDB.

I wrote down each wrong answer, learned why it was wrong and what was correct. I resat the test and got 87%. I repeated the process and got 89%. A lot of the questions were repeating by now and I felt ready to sit the exam.

Sitting the DP-300 exam

The exam itself was MUCH harder than the exam simulator, however in fairness, the exam simulator was pushing you to achieve 80% which allowed a bit of a buffer come exam day. (Microsoft only look for 700/1000). There are some areas I think the simulator could have covered more extensively and a bigger bank of questions would have been helpful.

However when it came to the exam, I managed to rely on my experience to pull some old knowledge out of the darkest recesses of my brain, and made a few educated guesses. Thank fully I passed with 800+. Not the best score but the exam itself is pass or fail.

Focus areas for sitting DP-300

I can’t be too specific here due to NDA but I would suggest if you are an experienced SQL DBA but have limited or no recent Azure working experience, some areas to focus on are:

  1. PAAS vs IAAS
    1. Remember PAAS needs less administrative effort than IAAS or on premises. Look for clues in the question.
    2. Business Critical and Premium vs General Purpose and Standard
    3. Azure SQL Server IaaS Agent Extension
    4. Database mail for managed instance
  2. Migration options (Online and offline) – And not just for SQL Server
  3. Encryption vs Dynamic data masking
  4. Query store
  5. Key Vault
  6. Some Azure networking like Virtual network and VPN
  7. Know your performance DMVs and how to diagnose blocking and slow executing queries
  8. Backup of system DBs

What’s next

I’m still deciding but it’s given me the bug after a couple of years of not doing much active learning. So I think AZ-104 to help me re-establish some Azure infrastructure knowledge or DP-203 to introduce me to some parts of Data engineering that I’m looking to learn.

How to find out Azure SQL DB Startup time

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Alarm clock and cup of tea
Wakey Wakey SQL DB

Azure SQL DB Startup time

The query

SELECT sqlserver_start_time FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info;

Why write a post about this?

The traditional methods used for to find the start up time for SQL Server don’t work in Azure SQL DB.

I searched high and low to find this and thought I’ve got to share, and hopefully make it search engine friendly. A traditional google or bing search wasn’t bringing up the best way to find this out. I saw a lot of complicated queries to pull data, convert it and estimate start up time using functions and all kinds of magic. Actually, it turns out that the start up time is provided for you in sys.dm_os_sys_info (which works in Azure SQL DB). It also work in SQL Server which is a bonus.

Permissions to check Azure SQL DB Startup time

The permissions you need to run this query vary depending on the pricing tier of your Azure SQL DB. I ran this successfully on a P2 and a basic tier database.

On SQL Server, requires VIEW SERVER STATE permission.
On SQL Database Basic, S0, and S1 service objectives, and for databases in elastic pools, the Server admin or an Azure Active Directory admin account is required. On all other SQL Database service objectives, the VIEW DATABASE STATE permission is required in the database.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-os-sys-info-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15

I hope this one liner t-sql script was useful. Please let me know in the comments if you know a better way to get the start up time of Azure SQL DB, using T-SQL.

While you’re on my site, why not take a look to see if you can save money on your Azure SQL DBs, and other Azure resources by looking at my guide: 7 ways for data teams to save money in Azure.

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Delete unused instances to save money in Azure

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My final tip in my series 7 ways for data teams to save money in Azure is to delete unused instances (and orphaned storage) to save money in Azure.

Delete unused instances

red delete key on keyboard

It’s easy to spin up instances in Azure, especially for developers if you haven’t implemented a tight permissions policy. Pet projects and Proof of Concepts (POCs) get created regularly and the person involved needs to remember to delete all resources or else you will be charged indefinitely.

Even services which can be stopped and deallocated such as Virtual Machines will cost you money if they are not deleted. Why? If you don’t delete unused instances in Azure, you still pay for all of the associated costs including the storage which can be significant. Moreover, you need to specifically delete your storage when your delete those VMs or you’ll keep paying for that too. That is known as orphaned storage or unattached storage, and it is not cheap.

A script to find unattached storage

Microsoft published a PowerShell script to find unattached storage in azure which you can run to list out anywhere it occurs in your subscriptions.

Use resource groups for POCs

I would encourage developers and engineers to use a resource group for POCs. This way, when it is done, the whole resource group can be obliterated in one go, leaving nothing behind.

Azure policies and tagging

Once you have got rid of all your old unused instances and orphaned storage, you may want to prevent team members from doing the same thing again. This is where a combination of Azure policies and tagging comes in handy. You can set policies to prevent new services being spun up without the appropriate tags. This Microsoft tutorial explains how to manage tag governance with Azure Policy.

Save money with Azure SQL DB serverless

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This post on how to save money with Azure SQL DB Serverless is part of a 7 part series on cost optimisation with Azure.

Provisioned vs Serverless

Laptop computer with dollar bills

The default option is provisioned which means you are provisioned with the resources you request, and you keep them for as long as you need them. e.g. If you want 2 vCores and 32GB of storage, you have it permanently, or until you shut down the resource.

Serverless means that although your storage is provisioned, your compute resources are on demand. If you enable automatic pausing of your SQL database, this will happen after a period of time defined by you. Whilst the database is paused, you are not charged for compute costs.

So how do you save money with Azure SQL DB Serverless

Autopause

You can set your database to auto pause if there is no activity. The auto-pause delay period must be between 1 hour and 7 days. When your database is completely paused, you only pay for storage. Auto pause in optional so you can keep the database online all the time, but just benefit from the auto-scaling capabilities. ↙

Autoscaling

You can set a maximum number of vCores up to 40 and a minimum number of vCores of 0.5. The allowed minimum is related to the maximum you set. e.g. Where maximum vCores are set to 4 or fewer, you can set a minimum of 0.5.

Azure SQL DB will scale as required meaning you only pay for what you need. You could allow for some head room by setting a higher max vCore limit than you need, just beware that if it is needed, you will be charged for it.

Per second billing

Bear in mind as well that SQL DB Serverless offers per second billing. You pay for increased resources only when you need them. The billing is quite complex for Azure SQL DB Serverless, and you should read this billing guide for more information.

For up to date pricing information, please always refer directly to the Azure SQL DB pricing page.

Remember retry logic

When your database is paused, the first connection attempt will fail with error code 40613. If your database client has connection retry logic, you won’t need to do anything else. Otherwise, you will need to code this logic into your application.

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7 ways for data teams to save money in Azure

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Save money in Azure

save money in azure - piggy bank with sunglasses

In this series of posts, I list 7 ways to quickly save money in Azure by using cost optimisation principles. Get on top of your cloud costs and start saving money by putting these into action. Whilst this series is specific to Azure, most of the principles can be applied to other public cloud providers. The only thing that differs is the product. Think RDS as an equivalent for SQL DB or S3 for Storage Accounts.

It’s important to keep on top of your cloud costs. Operating in the cloud means it is easy to just spin up new instances in minutes. Whilst that is great and allows company to work in agile manner, the switch to an Operational Expenditure (OPEX) model means that the cost increase can be gradual and go unnoticed.

1. Review your backup retention policy

Azure IaaS SQL Backups – Stop burning money

2. Right size your Azure SQL DBs and managed instances

Your Azure SQL Database and Managed Instance is too big

3. Turn non production instances off out of hours

Turn the cloud off at bedtime to save 70%

4. Right Size your VMs to save money in Azure

Your Azure SQL Virtual Machine might be too big

5. Consider moving to Azure SQL DB serverless

Save money with Azure SQL DB serverless

6. Reserved instances

Save with reserved instances – even up to 73%

7. Delete unused instances

Delete unused instances to save money in Azure

Bonus steps:

This mini series of steps are also important.

  1. Implement Elastic Pools to share resources
  2. Look to see if you are eligible for Azure Hybrid Benefit

Everybody wins

By optimising your costs in Azure and ensuring you are paying the right price for all of your services, everybody wins. Not only are you helping your company save money, it is good for your career and it could even save jobs in your company. Not to mention turning off what you don’t use is good for the environment too.

Need some help? – Book a call

Please get in touch if you would like to schedule a free introductory 15 minute call for some help in reducing your Azure bill.